Who Needs a 120V to 230V RV Conversion?
If you've purchased or imported a motorhome, fifth wheel, travel trailer, or caravan from North America, you'll almost certainly need electrical conversion work before you can safely use it in New Zealand.
American RVs Operate on a Different Electrical Standard
North American RVs are designed for 110-120V AC power at 60Hz, which is the standard throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico. New Zealand (along with Australia, the UK, and most of Europe) uses 230V AC power at 50Hz. This isn't just a simple plug adapter issue—it's a fundamental incompatibility that affects every aspect of your RV's electrical system.
⚠️ Warning: Don't Use Step-Down Transformers as a Permanent Solution
While some owners consider using step-down transformers (230V to 120V) as a cheaper alternative, this approach has serious limitations: transformers add weight, consume space, can't handle high-power appliances like air conditioners, and your RV still won't be legally compliant or pass EWOF certification.
Common Scenarios Requiring Conversion
- Importing a used American motorhome or RV — Whether you've purchased from the USA directly or bought an imported RV already in New Zealand that hasn't been converted
- Relocating to New Zealand with your RV — Moving permanently and bringing your American motorhome or fifth wheel
- Purchasing an American RV brand new — Even brand-new American RVs require conversion for NZ use
- Converting a work truck or specialty vehicle — Commercial vehicles with living quarters imported from North America
Why Professional Conversion is Legally Required
In New Zealand, all 230V electrical work must be completed by a licensed, registered electrician. This isn't optional—it's a legal requirement under the Electricity Act 1992 and subsequent regulations.
Legal Requirements in New Zealand
Electrical work on 230V systems must be carried out by:
• A registered electrician (for prescribed electrical work)
• Work must comply with AS/NZS 3001:2022 (Electrical installations—Caravans and caravan parks)
• An Electrical Warrant of Fitness (EWOF) is required for self-contained certification
• Unauthorized electrical work is illegal and can result in fines or prosecution
Insurance and Compliance Implications
Operating a 120V RV on New Zealand's 230V system without proper conversion can have serious consequences:
- Insurance may be void — Many insurance policies require electrical systems to meet local standards
- Cannot obtain self-contained certification — EWOF certification is impossible without compliant electrical work
- Safety hazards — Risk of fire, electrical shock, and appliance damage
- Liability issues — If an electrical incident occurs, non-compliant wiring could result in legal liability
- Resale difficulties — Unconverted RVs are harder to sell and worth significantly less in the NZ market
What's Involved in the Conversion Process
A complete 120V to 230V conversion is a comprehensive electrical project that involves replacing or modifying nearly every component of the AC electrical system. Here's what's typically required:
1. Shore Power Inlet Replacement
The external power inlet connection must be completely replaced:
- Remove the American 120V inlet (typically a 30-amp or 50-amp twist-lock connector)
- Install a NZ-standard 230V inlet (commonly a blue 16-amp or 32-amp connector)
- Replace the shore power cable with appropriate NZ-rated cable
- Ensure proper weatherproofing and mounting
2. Distribution Board and Circuit Protection
The main electrical panel requires complete replacement:
- Remove 120V circuit breakers — American circuit breakers are not compatible with 230V systems
- Install RCD (Residual Current Device) — Required for personal protection against electric shock
- Install MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers) — Properly rated for 230V circuits
- Implement double-pole switching — NZ regulations require switching both live and neutral conductors
- Correct earthing and bonding — Critical for safety and compliance
3. Internal Wiring Modifications
Depending on the RV's existing wiring, modifications may include:
- Cable sizing assessment — Ensure existing cables are adequate for 230V circuits (typically 1.5mm² to 2.5mm² for 16A circuits)
- Rewiring where necessary — If existing cables don't meet NZ standards or are undersized
- Proper cable routing — Following AS/NZS standards for mechanical protection
- Use of flexible 7-strand cable — Appropriate for mobile installations subject to vibration
4. Power Outlets Replacement
Every 120V outlet in the RV must be replaced:
- Remove all American-style 120V outlets
- Install NZ-standard 230V outlets (with integrated switches where required)
- Ensure proper mounting and secure connections
- Double-pole switching for all socket outlets
5. Appliance Assessment and Replacement
This is often the most expensive part of the conversion. Most appliances need replacing or significant modification:
Typical Appliances Requiring Replacement
- Microwave — Almost always 120V-only; must be replaced with 230V model
- Air Conditioner — Usually more economical to replace than convert; 230V RV air conditioners available
- Battery Charger/Converter — The 120V to 12V converter must be replaced with a 230V to 12V unit
- Electric Water Heater — Heating elements must be replaced if electric-powered
- Induction Cooktop — If fitted, typically needs replacement
- Washing Machine — If equipped, needs replacement with 230V model
- Electric Heater Elements — Require replacement with 230V-rated elements
6. Inverter/Charger Considerations
Many modern RVs have inverter/charger units that handle both battery charging from shore power and inverting 12V DC to 120V AC. These units typically need replacement or reconfiguration:
- Some units can be reconfigured — Higher-end models may support both 120V and 230V input
- Most require replacement — Older or basic units are 120V-specific
- Opportunity for upgrade — Often a good time to install a better quality inverter/charger like Victron
7. 12V DC System (No Conversion Required)
Good news: the 12V DC side of your RV doesn't need conversion:
- Interior lighting operates the same
- Water pumps continue to work normally
- Fans and 12V accessories are unaffected
- Only the battery charging method changes (via the new 230V to 12V charger)
Understanding the Costs
The cost of converting a 120V RV to 230V varies significantly based on the RV's size, complexity, and appliance requirements. Here's a general breakdown:
| Component | Typical Cost Range (NZD) |
|---|---|
| Shore power inlet & cable | $200 - $500 |
| Distribution board (RCD/MCB panel) | $500 - $1,200 |
| Power outlet replacement (per outlet) | $80 - $150 |
| Battery charger/converter replacement | $600 - $2,500 |
| Microwave replacement | $400 - $1,000 |
| Air conditioner replacement | $1,500 - $4,000 |
| Labor (electrician time) | $1,500 - $5,000+ |
| EWOF certification | $300 - $600 |
| Total Typical Range | $5,000 - $15,000+ |
Budget Accordingly When Importing
If you're considering importing an American RV, factor conversion costs into your total budget. A seemingly good deal on a US RV can become expensive once conversion, shipping, and compliance costs are added. Always get quotes before committing to a purchase.
The Conversion Timeline
Understanding how long the conversion process takes helps with planning:
- Initial Assessment — 1-2 hours for inspection and quote preparation
- Parts Ordering — 1-3 weeks (some appliances may need to be ordered from overseas)
- Conversion Work — 3-10 days depending on complexity
- Testing & Certification — 1-2 days for thorough testing and EWOF documentation
- Total Time — Typically 3-6 weeks from initial contact to completion
DIY vs Professional Conversion: Why You Must Use a Licensed Electrician
Some RV owners with electrical experience might be tempted to tackle this project themselves. Here's why that's not possible in New Zealand:
Legal Requirements
- 230V electrical work is legally restricted to licensed electricians
- DIY work on 230V systems is illegal and can result in prosecution
- Insurance won't cover damage from unauthorized electrical work
- You cannot obtain EWOF certification without licensed electrician sign-off
Safety Considerations
- 230V systems pose serious shock and fire hazards if incorrectly installed
- RV installations have unique challenges (vibration, moisture, space constraints)
- Incorrect earthing or RCD installation can be fatal
- Professional electricians carry appropriate insurance and liability coverage
What You Can Do
While the 230V work must be done professionally, you can assist with:
- Removing old appliances (under electrician supervision)
- Researching and sourcing replacement appliances
- Providing access and workspace preparation
- Cosmetic work after electrical installation is complete
Finding the Right Professional for Your Conversion
Not all electricians have experience with RV electrical conversions. Look for:
- Registered Electrician — Must be properly licensed for prescribed electrical work
- RV/Caravan Experience — Understanding of mobile installations and AS/NZS 3001:2022
- EWOF Certification Authority — Able to issue Electrical Warrant of Fitness
- References and Portfolio — Previous RV conversion work examples
- Detailed Quoting — Clear breakdown of costs and scope
- Parts Supply Relationships — Access to quality RV-specific components
Maintenance After Conversion
Once your RV is converted, ongoing compliance and safety require:
- EWOF renewal — Required every 4 years for self-contained certification
- Regular inspections — Visual checks of outlets, cables, and connections
- RCD testing — Test the RCD monthly using the test button
- Professional servicing — Have the system checked by an electrician if any issues arise
- Keep documentation — Maintain all certification paperwork for insurance and resale
Alternative: Buying an Already-Converted RV
If the conversion process seems daunting or expensive, consider:
- Purchasing an already-converted American RV in NZ — Verify the conversion was done professionally with valid EWOF
- Buying a European or Australian RV — Already 230V from the factory (though may still need EWOF for NZ)
- New Zealand-built motorhomes — Designed for local conditions from the ground up
Always request documentation of electrical work and current EWOF certification when purchasing any used RV.
Need a Professional 120V to 230V Conversion?
RV Solutions specializes in converting American RVs to New Zealand electrical standards. Our Christchurch workshop offers expert conversion services with full EWOF certification.
Get a Conversion QuoteConclusion: Is Conversion Worth It?
For many RV owners, converting an American motorhome to 230V is absolutely worthwhile, especially if:
- You got an excellent deal on the RV purchase price
- The RV has specific features or layout not available in 230V models
- It's a high-quality or luxury RV worth the conversion investment
- You plan to keep the RV long-term in New Zealand
However, conversion may not make sense if:
- The RV is older or in poor condition
- Conversion costs approach or exceed the RV's market value
- You can find a suitable 230V RV for similar total cost
- The RV requires extensive additional work beyond electrical
The key is to get accurate conversion quotes early in your decision-making process so you understand total costs before committing to an American RV purchase.
Key Takeaways
✓ All American RVs need 120V to 230V conversion for safe use in New Zealand
✓ Professional, licensed electrician work is legally required
✓ Typical costs range from $5,000 to $15,000+ depending on RV complexity
✓ EWOF certification is necessary for self-contained status
✓ Factor conversion costs into your total RV purchase budget
✓ Work with experienced RV electricians familiar with AS/NZS 3001:2022